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成人年齢の引下げ
2019.09.06

日本下调成人年龄

 

6月13日,日本把民法上的成人年龄从20岁下调为18岁。还有,女性可结婚年龄从16岁改为18岁,男女可结婚年龄统一为18岁。

此次民法的部分修改将2022年4月1日起实施。

原来规定20岁,要改为18岁的法律

○登录领航人养成设施等的讲师(引航法(日语称<水先法>))

○归化条件(国籍法)

○社会福祉主事资格(社会福祉法)

○登录海技执照讲习实施机关等的讲师(船舶职员及小型船舶操纵者法)

○登录电子通信移动讲习实施机关的讲师(船舶安全法及修改部分船舶职员法的法律)

○取得10年普遍护照(护照法)

○处理性别变更的审判(有关性同一性残疾人的性别处理特例的法律)

○人权拥护委员/民生委员资格(部分修改公职选举法等的法律(平成27年法律第43号))

 

原来规定未成年等,不需要修改的法律(约130法律)

○分籍(户籍法)

○公认会计士资格(公认会计士法)

○医师执照(医师法)

○牙科医师执照(牙科医师法)

○兽医师执照(兽医师法)

○司法书士资格(司法书士法)

○土地家屋调查士资格(土地家屋调查士法)

○行政书士资格(行政书士法)

○药剂师执照(药剂师法)

○社会保险劳务士资格(社会保险劳务士法)

 

原来规定未成年等,需要改为20岁的法律

○可认领养子的年龄(民法)

○吸烟年龄(未成年者吸烟禁止法:修改题名)

○饮酒年龄(未成年者饮酒禁止法:修改题名)

○有关支付小儿慢性特定疾病医疗费患儿的年龄等(儿童福祉法)

○胜马投票券的购入年龄(竞马法)

○胜者投票券的购入年龄(自行车竞技法)

○胜车投票券的购入年龄(小型汽车竞赛法)

○胜舟投票券的购入年龄(摩托艇竞赛法)

○酒精健康障碍的定义(酒精健康障碍对策基本法)

 

原来规定20岁,不需要修改的法律(约20法律)

○儿童自立生活援助事业对象的年龄(儿童福祉法)

○船长及机关长的年龄(船舶职员及小型船舶操纵者法)

○猎枪的所持许可(枪炮刀剑类所持等管理法)

○国民年金的被保险者资格(国民年金法)

○大型、中型执照等(道路交通法)

○特别儿童抚养手当的支付对象年龄(有关支付特别儿童抚养手当等的法律)

 

 

平成30年7月26日《東方時報》に「成人年齢の引下げ」という記事を掲載しました。

住宅民泊管理業者の業務
2019.09.06

住宅民宿事业主的业务

 

住宅民宿事业主,为了合理实施住在民宿事业,有必要采取各种措施。

1、确保住宿客的卫生

申报的住宅居室使用面积(不包括厨房、浴室、卫生间、走廊等)需3.3㎡/人以上;设备、备品等需保持清洁,为防止螨虫、霉菌等注意除湿,必须定期进行扫除、换气等;床单、被套等直接与人接触的物品,住宿客入住时必须更换为已洗涤完干净的。

2、确保住宿客的安全

申报的住宅有必要采取以下三种措施:设置备用照明器具;表示避难路线;发生火灾或其他灾害时,可确保住宿客安全的必要措施。

3、确保外国观光住宿客的舒适与便利

用外语介绍申报住宅的设备使用方法;用外语提供交通手段(去最近的车站、设施等路线、可利用的交通机关等)相关信息;用外语介绍发生火灾、地震及其他灾害时的通报联系方法(消防署、警察署、医疗机关、住宅管理人等)。

注:外国人预约住宿时选择的语言为<日语>时,不需要用外语介绍。

4、配置住宿客名单等

住宅民宿事业主有必要在民宿客名单上记载住宿客的姓名、地址、职业及住宿日数;住宿客为在日本没有地址的外国人时,需记载国籍和护照号码;这些数据要保存3年。

5、为防止给周边地区生活环境坏影响,需说明必要事项

以书面形式或其他适当的形式必须向住宿客说明以下事项:防止噪音的注意事项;处理垃圾时的注意事项;防止火灾的注意事项;其他注意事项。

6、对苦情等的处理

对申报住宅周边地区居民的苦情以及咨询,应该迅速及合理对应。

需要24小时对应(电话对应也可);不是住宿客停留期间,也应该对应;不能当场回复的问题,应告知回答时间,到时候再回复;发生紧急事件,有可能需要联系相关机关,也有可能本人去现场。

7、定期向都道府县知事等进行报告

每年2月、4月、6月、8月、10月、12月15日前,每两个月向知事(做权限委任的市区向其市区长)报告如下内容。1、住宿客停留的日期数;2、住宿客人数;3、住宿客人数总数;4、按国籍记载的住宿客人数的明细。

 

 

平成30年7月19日《東方時報》に「住宅民泊管理業者の業務」という記事を掲載しました。

住宅民泊事業の対象となる住宅
2019.09.06

可实施住宅民宿事业的住宅

可以实施住宅民宿事业的<住宅>,需要满足设备条件和居住条件。

1、设备条件

A 必要设备:厨房、浴室、卫生间、洗漱设备

B 设置场所:没必要把设备全设置于一个建筑物内

同一个院内的建筑物,有作为一体使用的权限,且各建筑物内设置的设备都可使用时,同一个院内的多栋建筑物可作为一个<住宅>进行申报。

C 可否以公众浴池等来代替:所需设备必须设置于申报的住宅内,附近的公共设施不是申报的对象,因此不能以公共设施代替其必要设备。

D 设备的功能:必要设备不一定是独立的,一个设备有多种功能也可以,如一体化浴室;必要设备满足一般的功能即可,如没有浴缸只有淋浴也可以。

 

2、居住条件

申请申报的住宅,需符合以下某一项

A 实际作为生活居住地而使用的房屋

是指特定的人实际经营生活中的房屋。经营生活中,不包括短期使用此房屋的时候。

B 募集入住者的房屋

进行住宅民宿事业期间,出售或出租的形式,作为居住用住宅进行募集入住者的房屋。但是募集入住者广告中,故意把入住条件写成很苛刻等,实际没有募集入住者意向时,不能认为募集入住者的房屋。

C 其所有者、出租方或転借人随时可入住的房屋

虽然不是纯粹作为生活居住地而使用,但以此为准,可供其所有者等随时入住的房屋。对原有的房屋,其所有者等有使用的权限,至少每年使用一次以上,不是作为生活居住地而使用的房屋。但,不包括没有实际居住履历的新建投资用公寓。

具体例:别墅等根据季节一年只使用几次的房屋;只限于休息日使用的另一住宅(セカンドハウス);因转职,以临时生活居住地而使用的,为将来再次入住而拥有的空房;作为继承的遗产而拥有,现在不经常使用,但预定以后要入住的空房;不是生活的居住地,但作为另一住宅使用的古老民居。

 

3、其他注意事项

一般被称为公司住宅、宿舍、招待所的房屋,其使用状况来判断可否属于<住宅>范围;<住宅>不一定是整栋建筑物,把建筑物的一部分作为住宅民宿事业使用时,只要此部分满足住宅规定条件,即可申报。

 

 

平成30年7月12日《東方時報》に「住宅民泊事業の対象となる住宅」という記事を掲載しました。

民泊を利用する時の注意点は
2019.09.06

利用民宿时的注意事项

 

近几年来日本旅游人数一直是上升趋势,其中很多人选择住民宿。

根据急速增加的观光旅客们对民宿的多样化需求,日本新制定了住宅住宿事业法(住宅宿泊事業法)。

在日本,利用民宿时为了安全起见,应该确认以下几点

 

1、要确认物件是否得到下记许可或认定

A 旅馆业法(昭和23年(1948年)法律第138号)的许可

可向设施所在的都道府县确认。

B 国家战略特区法(平成25年(2013年)法律第107号)(特区民宿)的确定

可向致力于特区民宿的自治体咨询。

C 根据住宅民宿事业法的申报

住宅民宿事业主有义务向客户提示申报内容。一般设施正门揭示着记载申报编号的标识。

 

2、要确认住宅民宿事业主是否提供以下的服务

A 表示避难路线

B 以外语介绍申报住宅的设备使用方法

C 以外语提供有关交通手段的情报

D 以外语介绍有关发生火灾、地震以及其他灾害时的举报联系方式

E 民宿客名单的记录以及本人确认

若民宿客是没有日本国内地址的外国人时,会要求提供国籍、护照号以及护照复印件

F 防止对周边地区坏影响的说明

防止噪音的注意事项、处理垃圾时的注意事项、防止火灾的注意事项等

 

3、需向住宅民宿中介确认的事项

    A 是否介绍了利用条件

B 确认申报编号以及是否得到许可的物件等

C 可否能确认物件地址

 

 

平成30年7月5日《東方時報》に「民泊を利用する時の注意点は」という記事を掲載しました。

インタビュー記事公開
2019.03.01
the newyork times
Oe Yohei
About 80% of all the cases we are handling are related to China. I strongly feel the need for lawyers who can act as a bridge between Japan and China, as well as lawyers who are familiar with the laws and the judicial system of both countries.
Based in Japan, I frequently travel to and fro China and do business in Shanghai, Beijing, and Hong Kong, which are China’s economic centers.
Japan and China both have differences in terms of culture, so there needs to be some changes in providing legal services.

The Chinese, in particular, value their honor, so they tend to seek for solutions that place emphasis on aspects other than money. Although it may not be rational at an objective standpoint, it can be said that their cultural background has a big influence over rationality in terms of dealing with issues. In this situation, it is our role as lawyers to look into both rational and cultural aspect of the matter to be able to provide the best solution and utmost satisfaction for the client.

Also, being involved in providing legal services comes social responsibility, so a lawyer also has to take great care when deciding to accept or decline a case. There are clients who try to fabricate evidence to win their cases. It is expected of us, lawyers, to guide these clients to the right path and to put forth every effort to win their case through a fair and proper process.
Thankfully, in the past few years, our office became a household name, helping us get most of our clients through referral or word of mouth. Since a lawyer-client relationship is established based on trust, we believe that being referred to a lot of people is one proof that they highly commend the results of our services.
We have gained more opportunities to be featured by external organizations and media because of my recent appointment by the headquarters of People’s Daily in Beijing as the director and legal adviser of People’s Daily Overseas in its monthly Japanese issue, and my appearance on a TV program that broadcasts in Chinese.
Even our clients receive legal service requests from a wide range of groups including state-owned businesses, prominent people of culture and business owners, as well as famous celebrities. When I learned that my office has become known in China because of providing legal services to matters concerning China and Japan, I became very happy.

Whenever I accept clients from a wide range of industries that cater to matters between Japan and China, there are some things that I keep in mind. It is to understand the culture of China and how they go about with their business and to pay respect to it. If a Chinese client is forced to do the Japanese way of doing work or business just because they are in Japan, we will not be able to gain their trust and establish a good relationship with them.
Also, because of my job as a lawyer, there are times when I have to fight head-on against my very own country and to stand in defense of the person receiving intense bashing from the public eye. Moreover, we sometimes stand in defense of Chinese clients in cases that could potentially stir up international issues between China and Japan.
The most important thing to remember in times like these is to stand by your clients no matter what and to speak in their defense. Sometimes, lawyers also take in some of the criticism and blame for their clients whenever they are subject to harsh attacks from the public eye and mass media. However, even in such cases, they are expected to stand together with their clients and to fulfill their job in representing them and providing legal support. Without this toughness, one will not be suitable to become a lawyer.

Also, a lawyer’s ultimate job is to clearly determine their clients’ victory or defeat. That is exactly the reason why I’d like to fix my eyes on winning; otherwise, I believe that I will fail as a lawyer.
Leaders, in particular, should have a strong mental state to stay on top of things no matter the situation. To make it possible, it is important to gather experiences, always walk forward with a positive, and to continue being a forerunner of the area of law. Furthermore, it is also important to have a grateful heart towards people around you. If one keeps this kind of disposition at work, I believe that they will become mentally strong. As for me, I also had to develop my mental strength while overcoming a lot of walls.

In the future, I am planning to venture into the world of politics while further mastering my craft as a lawyer. As a lawyer, I have seen a fair share of legal loopholes in my years of experience working in this world. That is why I also have this strong interest in the process of lawmaking, which can only be done when one goes into politics.

Oe Yohei
Oe Yohei